What is the ideal gas equation?

The ideal gas equation is expressed as PV = nRT, where P represents the pressure of the gas, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature measured in Kelvin. This equation establishes a relationship between the macroscopic properties of a gas under ideal conditions, where interactions between gas molecules are negligible, and the volume occupied by molecules is much smaller than the volume of the container.

The equation is fundamental in thermodynamics and assists in predicting the behavior of gases based on these four parameters. Under the assumption of ideal behavior, it holds true for many gases at high temperatures and low pressures. Understanding this relationship allows physicists and chemists to analyze processes involving gases, and it acts as a stepping stone for more complex equations of state which account for real gas behavior.

Other options presented do not correctly encapsulate the relationship defined by the ideal gas law. They either omit essential variables, include incorrect coefficients, or misrepresent the equation's structure. Thus, the correct answer directly ties into the foundational principles of gas behavior under ideal conditions.